Filter



Oct. 19, 1943.. 1 Hfp, ANDREWS 2,332,188

FILTER Filed Oct. 2l, 1941 a 0% l liv/'7 (/omv /-PA NDREWS MLrNE-ss Patented Oct. 19, 1943 v UNITED :STATE s PATENT OFFICE- The invention relates to a filter for the separation of solids and semi-solids from liquids as fuel oil, gasoline, lubricating oil and/or water, for which purposes it may be installed in the fuel oil supply line of an oil burner, in the oil or gasoline line of an internal combustion motor, in the lubricating oil line of such a motor or in a water supply pipe, being for these various purposes made in a suitable number of different sizes. 'ai ijf,

The lter of the inventionA is of the screen fabric type and it is an important feature of the invention that the screen is arranged in the form of a series of concentric channels, the liquid to be filtered being so introduced and deflected as to establish and maintain a vortex o-r rotary motion of the liquid in said channels and in contact with the screen, passingr the liquid not only through but along the screen with a sweeping action whereby the particles of solid matter separated from the liquid are swept from the screen preventing or deferring the accumulation of such particles on the screen and the eventual more or less complete clogging of the screen. Preferably the liquid is introduced beneath the screen which separates the filter casing into upper and lower chambers, the liquid, as introduced, being not only circulated to form a vortex but preferably given an upward tendency toward the screen, the clear liquid being discharged from the casing above the screen most conveniently at the top center. The concentric arrangement need be only approximate. 1

In this way, according to the preferred arrangement, the force of gravity, i. e., the tendency of the solids to settle is utilized, together with the other forces involved in the above described operation, to separate the solids from the liquid and to accumulate the sediment in a sediment basin beneath the screen from which it ydischarged by way of a drain or flush opening.

The concentric channel arrangement of the screen has the further advantage that it facilitates the efficient employment of a large screen area in a relatively small casing and this arrangement also contributes to the economical use of the screen fabric by forming it into a cone which is folded or pleated on lines drawn circumferentially of the cone toform the series of concentric channels suggested.

In the accompanying drawing I have illustrated a. filter embodying the features of my invention in the preferred form.

In the drawing:

Fig. 1 is a vertical central section on the axis of the lter casing, showing the entire construction assembled.

Fig. 2 is atop plan View of the same drawn to a reduced scale.

Fig. 3 is a similar view with the cover removed, and

Fig. 4 is an elevation drawn to the scale of Figs.4

1 and 2 showing the lter element removed.

Referring to the drawing by numerals, each of which is used to Aindicate thesame or similar parts in the different figures, the construction Shown comprises, 'a casing I, which is preferably circular in plan or of similar-configuration. The said casing as shown consistsof a bowl 2 of approximately hemispherical form, this bowl 2, in the form shown, is provided at its rim with a peripheral ange 3 to which is secured a similarly flanged cover 4 shown as of inverted dished` form. The cover 4 is, in the form of the inven'- tion shown, secured by screws 5 or in any suitable manner, the contact between the cover flange 6 and the bowl flange 3 being` perfected and The screen 8, as already suggested', is arranged l, in the form of a series of concentric channels I0.

Being formed by folding or pleating a conical screen it may also include a central conical portion II, the details being subject to wide variation.

The general arrangement of the screen is preferably horizontal and the casing I, as shown, is provided with an inlet passage or pipe I2 entering the bowl beneaththe screen, the-inner end of 40 the pipe or passage is .preferably eccentrically located or disposed in an approximatelyvtangential direction as shown at I4. It isr also regarded as of advantage to have the discharge opening upwardly disposed as indicated at I5.

The tangential direction of the inner end I4 of the supply pipe I2 combined'with the spherical or similar contour of the wall IS of the bowl 2 which tends to deflect the entering liquid to a circular path, imparts to the liquid a rotary tendency whereby a vortex or Whirlpool action is established. The upward direction of the opening I5, of pipe I2 also has the eifect of directing the vortex upwardly against the screen the circular motion ofthe liquidr causing it to follow the chanfrom the liquid and to defer or prevent clogging of the screen. Making the channels continuous would not change the principle of the invention.

In conformance with the preferred arrangement and the principles of operation stated the outlet or discharge opening by which the clear liquid leaves the lter, the same being indicated by reference character I'I, is located in the cover 4 above the screen 8 which divides the casing horizontally into upper and lower chambers I8 and I9.

The lower portion of the bowl 2 as indicated by reference character 2E! serves the function of a', sediment bowl at the center of which is a drain opening 2| normally closed by a drain plugv 22.

In the operation of the lter, as already pointed out, the liquid to be treated being introduced by way of the pipe or passage I2 into the lower chamber I9 and being withdrawn by way of passage I'I from the upper chamber I8 is given a circular motion directed upwardly into the channels I in which it circulates in Contact with the screen 8 moving along the surface of the screen, thus tending tor remove from `the screen the particles separateda from the liquid. T he force of gravity thereafter assists in depositing these particles in or about the area 28 at thebottom of the bowl. The upward tendency of the liquid due to the location and arrangement of the inlet and discharge passages and the shape of the bowl contribute to the operation in that they tend to cause the incoming liquid to enter and follow the screen channels and to pass the liquid upwardly through the screen into the chamber I 8 from which it: is withdrawn by way of the discharge passage I.1, the solid particles being separated from the liquid by the screen, to be removed therefrom by the vortex action of the liquid on the screen and permitted to settle to the bottom of the bowl', the action described also increasing the tendency to settle.

When suiicient sediment has accumulated, it is withdrawn'from the opening 2l by removing the plug 2.2 and wholly or partially'draining' thebowl in accordance with the usual practice.

I have thus described a filter embodying the features of my invention, the description being specific and in detail in order that the manner of constructing, applying, operating and" using the invention may be fully understood, hmvevel'jA the specific terms herein are. used in a descrip-4 tive rather than in a limiting sense, the scope of the invention being defined in the claims.

What I claim as new andv desireto secure by Letters Patent is:

`1`. VA A-lter having a concentric casing, a screen in said casing dividing it into a plurality ofV charng bers, saidscreen being arranged in the form of aplurality of approximately concentric charmels,`

an inlet passage leading to one chamber and discharging on a path which is substantially tangent to one of said channels and a dischargepassage leading from the other chamber.

y2. A filter having a concentric casing, as creen in said casing dividing it into upper and' lowerl chambers, said screen being arranged in the form of a plurality of' approximately concentric channels, v`an inlet passage leading into the lower chamber and discharging on a path which isA ap-v proximately tangent to the outer channels and a discharge passage leading from the upper chaine ber. I

3. A filter having a concentricecasing, a screen in said casingv dividing it into upper and lower' chambers, said screen being arranged. inthe forml ofa plurality of approximately concentricl channels, an inlet passage leading into the lower chamber and discharging thereinto on a path which is approximately tangent to the outer channels and is also upwardly directed toward said screen and a discharge passage leading from the upper chamber.

`4. A lter for the use in separating solid particles from liquid, said filter having a casing of 'approximately circular horizontal cross section and a strainer arranged in the form of approximately concentric channels and dividing the casing into'upper and lower chambers, the lower chamber having. an approximately tangential supply pipe for the liquid leading into said chamber and the upper chamber having a discharge pipe for the ltered liquid leading therefrom.

5. A -lter f or use in separating solid particles. from` liquid, s aid filter having a casing and a, strainer arranged in the form of approximately concentric channels and dividing the casing into upper and. lewer chambers, the law-er chamber having a supply inlet for the liquid, dischargin,g into said chamber on a path whichvis substantially tangential to outer one of said.channels,v said inlet also having an upward tendency, Said lower chamber having. a circumferentially arranged deflection means oppositesaid supply pipe, the upper chamber having a discharge pipe for the filtered liquid leading, from said chamber above said strainer'.v y

6,. A 'ilter for use. inA ther separation ofv solid particles from liquid, the same c{.ujf-ilprisingA an approximately hemispherical bowl and a remov-v able cover therefor, a screen removably secured and separating the casing into upper and lower chambers, the screen. beingY in. the form of ap,n proximately concentric clianlfiels,v anI inlet pipe. leading intov the lower chamber and disposed. in the` direction of a tangent to, one offsaid channels of said channels anda discharge4 pipe leading fromthefupper, Chamber. y

7. A filter foruse in the separation of solidy particles from liquid, the seme comprising an approximately' hernisphericalj bowlv and an in,- verted' dished cover anda. screen removably ser, Curedbctween the coger and. bowl?. andseparatms the casing intoY upper' and:` lower cliamldersV the screen being in the form of appl'ximely cori-y centric channels, an inlet pipe leading into, the lower cham-ber. and a discharge pip'eleading from the upper chamber, the,1fnl'et pipe having its dis'- charggei'endY dispesedin the direction of the length of said channels and*l approximatelyparallelled; to an adjacent portion of the vvall'mm said casing to circulate the liquid in the lor'rnof a vortex by Contact with the? chamber:- walls, theupper chamber-having a` discharge pipe leading therefrom.

8. A lter for use in the separationof scli'df particles from liquid.. the sameV comprising a. bowl. having an4 approximately peripheral deiiiecthig side wall portion. and a tcp;.,w.all,; a Screen separata.

ing; the casi-ng into upper and lcwer-,chambenm the sc rccnibcna in.. conical pleats farming the; Walls: Ot aximatclv, concentric screen cha nels-an,i leading-into the lower chamber.y andadischargt ing from the upperchamber, theinlet beingt'd posed in the 'direction of.' the length., es. adiacerii:

portions of said channelsand atangential di,- rection as related to an adjacent. portion of the wall'A of saidcasing to circulate liquidinlthe 

